16. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

A) SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS:

Social institutions are “An institution is an organized way of satisfying human needs permanently”.

The sate of habits associated attitudes and ideas which developed as the best way of satisfying any basic need formed the structure of the social institution.

B) ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL INSTITUTATION:

An institution for a society is like as organ to a human body, it consists of following elements:

1. It is a group of people of common interest.
2. This group has material equipments E.g. building, furniture.
3. It functions according to the customs of life.
4. It fulfils some needs of the social life.

C) BASIC SOCIAL INSTITUTION:

There are five basic institution of a society:

1. The family.
2. The education.
3. The religion.
4. The economy.
5. The politics.

D) TYPES OF SOCIAL INSTITUTION:

The following are various types of institution.

1. Basic.
2. Subsidiary.
3. Enacted.
4. Crescive.
5. Sanctioned.
6. Unsanctioned.
7. General.
8. Restricted.
9. Operative.
10. Regulative.

1. BASIC: They are essential for maintenance of order in the society E.g. Family, state.
2. SUBSIDARY: They are not essential for social order. E.g. recreational institution.
3. CRESCIVE: They develop unconsciously without any planning E.g. marriage religion.
4. ENACTED: They are continuously organized for definite purpose E.g. educational and business institutions.
5. SANCTIONED: They are socially sanctioned E.g. business and trade institution.
6. UNSANCTIONED: They are not sanctioned socially E.g. smuggling.
7. GENERAL: They are not restricted to certain area E.g. federal Government of Pakistan.
8. RESTRICTED: They are restricted to certain area E.g. Government of Pakistan.
9. OPERATIVE: They are those which organized patterns for the attainment of objectives E.g. Industries.
10. REGULATIVE: They are organized for the control of customs and other behaviours, E.g. Legal institution.

E) FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS:

The following are the important function:

1. Provision of food.
2. Provision of power.
3. Provision of sex.
4. Provision of place for worship.
5. Regulation of morals.
6. Carrying out of educational activities.
7. Provision of social services.
8. Provision or religious instruction and guidance.
9. Transmission of culture.
10. Shaping of personalities of individual.
11. Socialization of individual.
12. Maintenance of law and social order.
13. Production and distribution of goods and services.
14. Provision of recreation.

F) SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN PAKISTAN:

1. Illiteracy.
2. Un-employment.
3. Poverty.
4. Mass failure of education.
5. Unrest among students.
6. Drug addiction.
7. Law field for acre.
8. Sectarianism.
9. Divorce.
10. Neurosis.
11. Traffic accident.
12. Urbanization.
13. Communicable disease.
14. Begari.
15. Labour strikes.
16. Abduction and kidnapping.
17. Mall-adjustment in family.
18. Crimes.
19. Housing problems in cities.
20. Suicide.
21. Un-Hygienic condition.
22. Malnutrition.
23. Non-awareness of religion.