13.Health Indicators, Formulas of Health Indicators & Uses and Sources of Vital Statistics

THE HEALTH INDICATORS

1. Crude Birth Rate:

It is defined as “Number of live births per 1000 population in mid year.

Crude Bith Rate Formula

2. Crude Death Rate:

It is defined as “Number of deaths per 1000 estimated midyear population of area.

Crude Death Rate Formula

3. Infant Mortality Rate:

The statistical rate of infant death during the first year after live birth expressed as the number of such births per 1000 live births in a specific geographic areas or institution in a given period of time.

Infant Mortality Rate Formula

Infant: is a child in age ranges from 1 week to 1 year.

Morbidity Rate:

The numbers of cases of a particular disease occurring in a single year per specified population unit. It may be calculated on the basis of age group, sex and occupation.

Prenatal Mortality Rate:

Total Numbers of Stillbirths and deaths of children of age under 1 week per 1000 in total stillbirths and live births in a year in specified area or hospital.

Infant Mortality Rate Formula

Maternal Mortality Rate:

The number of deaths of a woman due to pregnancy complications or after childbirth within 42 days after delivery per 1000 live births in a year.

Maternal Mortality Rate Formula

Incidence:

The total counts of old & new cases of diseases in a specified population at the point of time.

Prevalence:

The total numbers of already present cases of disease in specified population over a defined period of time.

Life Expectancy:

Average number of years that person can expect to live from the time of birth in specific geographic area. It may be individually qualified by the person’s condition or race, sex, age, or other demographic factors.

General Fertilization Rate:

It is defined as “Number of live births per 1000 women in the reproductive age. (Start of Menses to Memo-Pause).

General Fertilization Rate Formula

What is Bio-Statistics?

• It is a basic science for collection, analysis, quantification and interpretation of data in relation to vital events.
• It is extent of vital events i.e. births, deaths and sickness is essential for diagnosis, prevention and control of disease, control of population problems and family planning.

Uses of Bio-Statistics:

• To define nature an¢ extend of illness through collecting and analyzing health data in community. Through analysis of health data we will be able to know possible cause of health problems.
• To assess success or failure of health measure (health Programs).
• To make us able to distribute health facility according to need and priority of population.
• Measurement of health status in the community.
• Comparison of health Status in two different periods or areas.

Sources of vital and health Statistics:

• Census

Latest format of Questionnaire and Checklist used for Census also provides all aspects of human life. E.g. Death & Birth, Income, Disease, Job etc. So this is good source of vital statistical data.

• Registration
  • Registration by NADRA
  • Registration in hospitals, Maternity Homes & Dispensaries.
  • Registration in Birth & Death Record Register at Union Council Office.
• Notification
• Letters issued by NGOs and Govt. for communication, collaboration and cooperation also indicates the statistical vital data.
• Health Surveys

Health survey, Health projects, Health Programs also measures the health indicators and collects figures and facts related to Birth, Disease, & Death.

Health related Statistical data of Pakistan

• Total population: 153,578,000
• GDP per capita (Intl $, 2002): 1,920
• Life expectancy at birth m/f (years): 62.0/62.0
• Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2002): 54.2/52.3
• Child mortality m/f (per 1000): 981108
• Adult mortality m/f (per 1000): 225/199
• Total health expenditure per capita (Intl $, 2002): 62
• Total health expenditure as % of GDP (2002): 3.2

Source: The world health report 2005 on Website: http://www.who.int/countries/pak/en/